By Wayne R. Berkas
Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4087
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Sediment data were collected on and along the Missouri River downstream from Garrison Dam during May 1988, May 1989, and April 1991 to characterize sediment transport in the the river. Specific study objectives were to (1) identify erosional and depositional reaches during two steady-state low-flow periods and one steady-state high-flow period; (2) determine if the reaches are consistently eroding or depositing, regardless of streamflow; and (3) determine the sources of suspended sediment in the river.
Erosional and depositional reaches differed between the two low-flow periods, indicating that slight changes in the channel configuration between the two periods caused changes in erosional and depositional patterns. Erosional and depositional reaches also differed between the low-flow periods and the high-flow period, indicating that channel changes and increased streamflow velocities affect erosional and depositional reaches.
The significant sources of suspended sediment in the Missouri River are the riverbed and riverbanks. The riverbed contributes to the silt and sand load in the river, and the riverbanks contribute to the clay, silt, and sand load. The contribution from tributaries to the suspended-sediment load in the Missouri River usually is small. Occasionally, during low-flow periods on the Missouri River, the Knife River can contribute significantly to the suspended-sediment load in the Missouri River.
Abstract
Introduction
Purpose and scope
Approach
Sediment-transport characteristics
Streamflow conditions
Suspended-sediment concentrations in the Missouri River
Suspended-sediment particle size in the Missouri River
Bedload in the Missouri River
Suspended-sediment load in tributaries
Sources of sediment
Riverbed
Riverbanks
Tributaries
Contributions to sediment load
Summary
References
Figures
1. Map showing location of major dams and reservoirs on the Missouri River
2. Map showing location of study reach and river, tributary, and bank-material sampling sites along the Missouri River downstream from Garrison Dam
3. Graph showing detachment velocities for quartz particles as a function of mean sediment size. (Reprinted from Vanoni, 1975, p. 102, and published with permission.)
4. Graphs showing suspended-sediment concentrations in the Missouri River downstream from Garrison Dam during May 1988, May 1989, and April 1991
5. Graphs showing percent of suspended sediment larger than sand break (0.062 millimeter) in the Missouri River downstream from Garrison Dam during May 1988, May 1989, and April 1991
6. Graphs showing suspended clay and silt concentrations in the Missouri River downstream from Garrison Dam during May 1988, May 1989, and April 1991
7. Graphs showing suspended sand concentrations in the Missouri River downstream from Garrison Dam during May 1988, May 1989, and April 1991
8. Graphs showing particle-size distribution of bed material in the Missouri River downstream from Garrison Dam during May 1988 and April 1991
9. Graph showing particle-size distribution of bank material in the Missouri River downstream from Garrison Dam, May 23 to June 7, 1990
10. Histogram showing particle-size distribution in bank-material samples collected from 34 sampling sites along the Missouri River downstream from Garrison Dam, May 23 to June 7, 1990
11. Histogram showing particle-size distribution of suspended sediment (May 1988), bed material (May 1988), and bank material (May 23 to June 7, 1990) in or along the Missouri River downstream from Garrison Dam
Tables
1. Streamflow and channel characteristics in the Missouri River and major tributaries downstream from Garrison Dam during May 1988, May 1989, and April 1991
2. Suspended-sediment concentrations in the Missouri River downstream from Garrison Dam during May 1988, May 1989, and April 1991
3. Particle-size distribution of suspended sediment in the Missouri River downstream from Garrison Dam during May 1988, May 1989, and April 1991
4. Suspended-sediment loads, bedloads, and total suspended-sediment loads in the Missouri River downstream from Garrison Dam during May 1989 and April 1991
5. Median bedload particle size in the Missouri River downstream from Garrison Dam during May 1989 and April 1991
6. Suspended-sediment concentrations and loads in the Knife River (sampling site T1) and the Heart River (sampling site T2) and suspended-sediment load in the Missouri River downstream of tributary confluence
7. Suspended-sediment loads in the Knife River (sampling site T1) and the Heart River (sampling site T2) and at selected sampling sites on the Missouri River during May 1988, May 1989, and April 1991
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